For many Indians living with Type 2 diabetes, a fasting sugar level above 140 mg/dL feels “normal.” However, consistently high sugar levels can slowly damage the body often without obvious symptoms in the early stages.
According to endocrinologists, diabetes is not only about high blood sugar. Instead, it affects the liver, pancreas, nerves, kidneys, eyes, and heart over time.
Let’s understand how this happens.
Understanding the 3-Stage Sugar Damage Cycle
Doctors explain diabetes progression in three connected stages:
Stage 1: Fatty Liver & Poor Glucose Control
Over time, excess sugar and unhealthy diet patterns can lead to fatty liver. When the liver becomes overloaded with fat, it struggles to regulate glucose properly.
As a result, sugar continues circulating in the bloodstream.
Stage 2: Pancreas Fatigue
Next, the pancreas tries to compensate. It produces more insulin to push sugar into cells.
However, after years of overwork, insulin-producing beta cells begin to weaken. Eventually, insulin production drops.
Stage 3: Insulin Resistance
Finally, body cells stop responding properly to insulin. Even when insulin is present, glucose cannot enter cells efficiently.
This stage leads to:
- Persistent high fasting sugar
- Rising HbA1c
- Increased risk of kidney, eye, nerve, and heart complications
Common Signs Many Patients Ignore
Many people experience early warning signs but do not connect them to organ damage.
These may include:
- Constant tiredness
- Frequent urination at night
- Slow wound healing
- Tingling or numbness in feet
- Blurred vision
- Fasting sugar above 140 mg/dL
Although these symptoms may seem mild, they can signal long-term metabolic stress.
Why Medicines Sometimes Feel “Not Enough”
Most diabetes medications help manage blood sugar levels. For example:
- Metformin reduces glucose production in the liver
- Sulfonylureas stimulate insulin release
- Insulin injections help move sugar into cells
However, these treatments mainly control sugar levels. They do not directly reverse fatty liver or insulin resistance in all cases.
Therefore, lifestyle management remains essential.
The Role of Lifestyle & Integrative Approaches
Many endocrinologists now recommend a combined approach:
- Balanced low-glycemic diet
- Regular physical activity
- Weight management
- Stress reduction
- Adequate sleep
In addition, some studies suggest certain herbal compounds may support liver health and insulin sensitivity when used under medical supervision.
For example:
- Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa) – Traditionally used in Ayurveda for liver support
- Silymarin (Milk Thistle extract) – Studied for liver protection
While early research shows potential benefits, patients should always consult a qualified doctor before using supplements, especially if already taking diabetes medication.
The Key Message
If your fasting sugar is regularly above 140 mg/dL, it is important not to ignore it.
High sugar does not damage organs overnight. Instead, it works slowly and silently.
The good news? Early action can prevent complications.
With proper medical care, consistent lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring of HbA1c, kidney function, and eye health, many people successfully manage diabetes and reduce long-term risks.
Important Note
This article is for educational purposes only. It does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult your endocrinologist before making changes to your treatment plan.